prolog_stack.pl -- Examine the Prolog stack

This module defines high-level primitives for examining the Prolog stack, primarily intended to support debugging. It provides the following functionality:

• get_prolog_backtrace/2 gets a Prolog representation of the Prolog stack. This can be used for printing, but also to enrich exceptions using prolog_exception_hook/4. Decorating exceptions is provided by this library and controlled by the hook stack_guard/1.
• print_prolog_backtrace/2 prints a backtrace as returned by get_prolog_backtrace/2
• The shorthand backtrace/1 fetches and prints a backtrace.

This library may be enabled by default to improve interactive debugging, for example by adding the lines below to your ~/swiplrc (swipl.ini in Windows) to decorate uncaught exceptions:

:- use_module(library(prolog_stack)).

bug

- Use of this library may negatively impact performance of applications that process (error-)exceptions frequently as part of their normal processing.

 get_prolog_backtrace(+MaxDepth, -Backtrace) is det

 get_prolog_backtrace(+MaxDepth, -Backtrace, +Options) is det

Obtain a backtrace from the current location. The backtrace is a list of frames. Each frame is an opaque term that can be inspected using the predicate prolog_stack_frame_property/2 can be used to extract information from these frames. Most use scenarios will pass the stack to print_prolog_backtrace/2. The following options are provided:

frame(+Frame)

Start at Frame instead of the current frame.

goal_depth(+Depth)

If Depth > 0, include a shallow copy of the goal arguments into the stack. Default is set by the Prolog flag backtrace_goal_depth, set to 2 initially, showing the goal and toplevel of any argument.

guard(+Guard)

Do not show stack frames above Guard. See stack_guard/1.

Arguments:

Frame	- is the frame to start from. See prolog_current_frame/1.
MaxDepth	- defines the maximum number of frames returned.

Compatibility

- get_prolog_backtrace/3 used to have the parameters +Frame, +MaxDepth, -Backtrace. A call that matches this signature is mapped to get_prolog_backtrace(MaxDepth, Backtrace, [frame(Frame)]).

 copy_goal(+TermDepth, +Frame, -Goal) is det[private]

Create a shallow copy of the frame's goal to help debugging. In addition to shallow copying, high-arity terms are represented as below. Currently the 16 first arguments are hardcoded.

name(A1, ..., A16, <skipped Skipped of Arity>, An)

 prolog_stack_frame_property(+Frame, ?Property) is nondet

True when Property is a property of Frame. Frame is an element of a stack-trace as produced by get_prolog_backtrace/2. Defined properties are:

• level(Level)
• predicate(PI)
• location(File:Line)

 print_prolog_backtrace(+Stream, +Backtrace) is det

 print_prolog_backtrace(+Stream, +Backtrace, +Options) is det

Print a stacktrace in human readable form to Stream. Options is an option list that accepts:

subgoal_positions(+Boolean)

If true, print subgoal line numbers. The default depends on the Prolog flag backtrace_show_lines.

Arguments:

Backtrace

- is a list of frame(Depth,Location,Goal) terms.

 clause_predicate_name(+ClauseRef, -Predname) is det[private]

Produce a name (typically Functor/Arity) for a predicate to which Clause belongs.

 backtrace(+MaxDepth)

Get and print a stacktrace to the user_error stream.

 lineno(+File, +Char, -Line)[private]

Translate a character location to a line-number.

 prolog_stack:stack_guard(+PI) is semidet[multifile]

Dynamic multifile hook that is normally not defined. The hook is called with PI equal to none if the exception is not caught and with a fully qualified (e.g., Module:Name/Arity) predicate indicator of the predicate that called catch/3 if the exception is caught.

The exception is of the form error(Formal, ImplDef) and this hook succeeds, ImplDef is unified to a term context(prolog_stack(StackData), Message). This context information is used by the message printing system to print a human readable representation of the stack when the exception was raised.

For example, using a clause stack_guard(none) prints contexts for uncaught exceptions only. Using a clause stack_guard(_) prints a full stack-trace for any error exception if the exception is given to print_message/2. See also library(http/http_error), which limits printing of exceptions to exceptions in user-code called from the HTTP server library.

Details of the exception decoration is controlled by two Prolog flags:

backtrace_depth

Integer that controls the maximum number of frames collected. Default is 20. If a guard is specified, callers of the guard are removed from the stack-trace.

backtrace_show_lines

Boolean that indicates whether the library tries to find line numbers for the calls. Default is true.

 stack_guard(+Reason) is semidet[multifile]

Dynamic multifile predicate. It is called with none, 'C' or the predicate indicator of the guard, the predicate calling catch/3. The exception must be of compatible with the shape error(Formal, context(Stack, Msg)). The default is to catch none, uncaught exceptions. 'C' implies that the callback from C will handle the exception.

 get_prolog_backtrace(+MaxDepth, -Backtrace) is det

 get_prolog_backtrace(+MaxDepth, -Backtrace, +Options) is det

Obtain a backtrace from the current location. The backtrace is a list of frames. Each frame is an opaque term that can be inspected using the predicate prolog_stack_frame_property/2 can be used to extract information from these frames. Most use scenarios will pass the stack to print_prolog_backtrace/2. The following options are provided:

frame(+Frame)

Start at Frame instead of the current frame.

goal_depth(+Depth)

If Depth > 0, include a shallow copy of the goal arguments into the stack. Default is set by the Prolog flag backtrace_goal_depth, set to 2 initially, showing the goal and toplevel of any argument.

guard(+Guard)

Do not show stack frames above Guard. See stack_guard/1.

Arguments:

Frame	- is the frame to start from. See prolog_current_frame/1.
MaxDepth	- defines the maximum number of frames returned.

Compatibility

- get_prolog_backtrace/3 used to have the parameters +Frame, +MaxDepth, -Backtrace. A call that matches this signature is mapped to get_prolog_backtrace(MaxDepth, Backtrace, [frame(Frame)]).

 print_prolog_backtrace(+Stream, +Backtrace) is det

 print_prolog_backtrace(+Stream, +Backtrace, +Options) is det

Print a stacktrace in human readable form to Stream. Options is an option list that accepts:

subgoal_positions(+Boolean)

If true, print subgoal line numbers. The default depends on the Prolog flag backtrace_show_lines.

Arguments:

Backtrace

- is a list of frame(Depth,Location,Goal) terms.